Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) structures fabricated with titanium nodes have emerged as promising photocatalysts for a broad range of applications. These materials possess exceptional chemical properties, including high porosity, tunable band gaps, and good robustness. The unique combination of these attributes makes titanium-based MOFs highly po

Nanoparticles have emerged as versatile materials in various fields, including biomedical applications. Interestingly, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles remains a crucial concern. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a unique type of nanoparticle capable of converting near-infrared light to visible light, have achieved considerable atten